کلماتی که در بریتیش و امریکن معنای متفاوتی دارند
در زبان انگلیسی و میان لهجه بریتیش امریکن تفاوتهایی در تلفظ، املای لغات و گرامر وجود دارد ولی هیچ یک از آنها به اندازه تفاوت معانی لغات حائز اهمیت نیستند. شاید شما لغت purse را چندین بار شنیده باشید ولی آیا میدانید کاربرد آن در لهجه بریتیش و امریکن با هم متفاوت است؟ در این بخش قصد داریم همراه با یکدیگر تفاوت معنایی لغات بریتیش و امریکن را با هم بررسی کرده و از نقطه نظرات متفاوت آنها را مورد ارزیابی قرار دهیم.
واژگان بریتیش و امریکن و انتخاب واژه
بسیاری از زبان آموزان در مورد تفاوت معنایی کلمات بین انگلیسی بریتیش و امریکن سردرگم هستند. به طور کلی، این درست است که اکثر آمریکایی ها با وجود تفاوت های زیاد بریتیش را درک می کنند ولی این بدان معنا نیست که تمامی افرادی که به زبان انگلیسی مسلط هستند می توانند تفاوت معنایی بین لغات این دو لهجه را درک کنند. در طی سال ها تحول زبان انگلیسی تفاوت های بسیاری میان لهجه بریتیش و امریکن وجود دارد و افراد نمی توانند تمامی این تفاوت ها را یاد گرفته و در شرایط مختلف از آن ها بهره بگیرند. در این بخش ما قصد داریم همراه با شما نگاهی به تفاوت های لغوی میاد این دو لهجه بیاندازیم. فهرست روبرو برای شما تمامی لغات متفاوت را نشان می دهد.
معنی فارسی | مثال | لغت آمریکن | مثال | لغت بریتیش |
آنتن | Owners are responsible for the siting of television aerials and satellite dishes on their property | aerial | The results show that antennae are necessary for wing induction in the presence of natural enemies | antenna |
دیوانه | They were angry because their plans had been discovered | angry | I was just mad at you | mad |
هر جا | We won't go anywhere near the crime scene; ever | anywhere | Just because I haven't been anyplace else, doesn't mean that there is any place better | anyplace |
پاییز | It was a clear bright autumn day, a Sunday | autumn | It was a warm, dark, fall night | fall |
پول نقد | The bank-note circulation rose in proportion | bank note | He called for his bill and paid it | bill |
وکیل | His work as a barrister was chiefly concerned with pedigree cases before the House of Lords | barrister, solicitor | Unfortunately, my attorney thinks they have a pretty good case | attorney |
کوکی- بیسکوییت | Singapore has also establishments for tinning pineapples, and a large biscuit factory | biscuit | She folded the form and stuck it under the cookie jar | cookie |
کلاه | Close cousin to the scotch bonnet, they come in all colors. | bonnet | She yanked his hood off. | hood |
صندوق عقب | We piled it in the boot and backseat. | boot | The black car sat outside the building with its trunk open | trunk |
ساسپندر (در لباس) | Rostov turned and was about to go, but the man in the braces stopped him | braces | The old man picked at his red suspenders | suspenders |
سرایدار | It only strengthened the idea that he was the caretaker, not the owner | caretaker | This 1997 drama is about a janitor who is actually a genius | janitor |
سیب زمینی سرخ کرده | The chips that they're running on are getting faster and now dual-core | chips | I’d like a hamburger and French fries | french fries |
سینما | Can you remember the first time you ever went to the cinema? | the cinema | We won't be going to the movies tonight, but will stay in | the movies |
کاندوم | Naturally occurring holes in the wall of a latex condom have a diameter of 1.0 microns | condom | Select a topic I have a smelly green discharge I have small spots on my penis Was the rubber safe enough? | rubber |
گشت بان | Its officers included a constable and a chaplain | constable | Mr Gardiner joined the University on 9 October 1978 as a security patrolman | patrolman |
اجاق گاز | Did you get the cooker burning? | cooker | He opened the door of the stove to peek | stove |
گهواره | A burning wooden cot is then applied to it. | cot | No. I saw crib but I assumed... | crib |
نخ | She looked down and plucked at a loose thread on her dress | cotton | She looked down and plucked at a loose thread on her dress. | thread |
تصادف | A crash came from the hallway | crash | Just as I ran up to the wreck, it blew | wreck |
تقاطع | I believe we are at a very dangerous crossroads | crossroads | Surmounting all, at the intersection of the arches is a cross | intersection |
پرده ها | Curtains shut out the light | curtains | As he was closing the drapes, he glanced outside | drapes |
بازی چکرز | draughts requires 2 players and an 8 x 8 open space on the ground to use as the game board | draughts | The black checkers are flat and the white ones curved on top | checkers |
پونس | She used drawing pin to pin the poster to the door | drawing pin | Surprisingly, I wasn't overpushing either thumbstick to get Mr. Metal to do what I want | thumbtack |
بزرگراه تقسیم شده | It is a dual carriageway road for its entire length | dual carriageway | The highway was relocated at its northern end and expanded to a divided highway over most of its length in the late 1960s | divided highway |
پستونک | It always begins with the time when we used a pacifier or tranquilizer to relieve our discomfort | dummy | The mothers stoppered their babies 'mouths with pacifiers | pacifier |
سطل زباله | Rubbish they can always find in a used dustbin | dustbin, rubbish-bin | Mr. O'Hara stooped and removed the brass ashtray from the trashcan | trashcan |
پاکبان | Mum was a char, dad a dustman | dustman | Garbage collector scans the long weak reference table | garbage collector |
ژنراتور | He invented a steam turbine engine to drive a dynamo to generate electricity | dynamo | After building several models he built a large generator for the Coalbrookdale Iron Works | generator |
موتور | The car has a four-cylinder engine | engine | The tape was driven by a clockwork motor. | motor |
لوکوموتیو ران | He worked as an engine driver for a period, during which time he lost an eye in an accident | engine driver | He works as an electrical engineer | engineer |
فیلم سینما | The formation of a film is noted | film | Deidre watched the movie in both fascination and fear | movie |
اپارتمان | He had just fixed a flat on his bike | flat | Of course, living in an apartment with three girls couldn't be easy | apartment |
روگذر | You will see the flyover in front of you | flyover | Do not seek shelter under a bridge or an overpass | overpass |
حیاط | Today, I have a vegetable garden in my backyard | garden | Len pulled the truck into the yard and stopped | yard |
دنده اتومبیل | The gears were changed by means of a gear lever on the steering column | gear-lever | You need to shift gears or we'll never make it through the agenda | gear-shift |
فارغ التحصیل | Daniel Webster is just one famous graduate | graduate | Her parents are alumni of the state university | alumnus |
دیگ بخار | Alex and Jonathan planned to grill steaks for lunch | grill | A boiler with horizontal sections is shown in fig | boiler |
طبقه اول | They hurried to the ground floor | ground floor | His room was on the first floor | first floor |
چکمه پلاستیکی | Gunshots streaked around the entrance | gumshoes, wellington boots | The silence is broken by what sounds like several rubbers | rubbers |
کفش ورزشی | Tugging on her socks and gym shoes, she made the bed and left the room | gym shoes, tennis-shoes | Throw it on with jeans or shorts and sneakers | sneakers |
کیف پول | A very cool cream faux leather clutch handbag dating to circa 1984 | handbag | Tears flooded her eyes and she dug in her purse for a tissue | purse |
تابلو تبلیغاتی | Treatment for hoarding is a lengthy process | hoarding | I saw a billboard by the side of the road | billboard |
تعطیلات | Maybe this vacation would give them some much needed time together | holiday | This was a vacation, not an isolation camp | vacation |
جارو برقی | Clean up using wet methods or an industrial hoover | hoover | Miele vacuum cleaner bags and belts available to fit all types of vacuum cleaners, including upright vacuums and canister | vacuum cleaner |
بیمار | She felt ill after all Jule told her | ill | My people never fall sick, and those who are injured, heal | sick |
وقفه | An interval of three years without rain has been known | interval | During this period rain falls almost without intermission | intermission |
ژاکت | She wore a jumper that reeked of her own body odor | jersey, jumper, pullover, sweater | I just came over to pick up a sweater for her | sweater |
پارچ | That jug is grade double A light | jug | A pitcher of lemonade was on the table | pitcher |
آسانسور | I've seen you in the lift a few times | lift | Deidre left the elevator and went to her apartment | elevator |
کامیون | The lorry was caught by a gust of wind and blown through a barrier at the side of the bridge | lorry | On Thursday morning, as I was going to work, the bin truck was at the top of our drive | truck |
بار سفر | Alex collected their luggage and had it loaded in the car | luggage | You are in a position to seize its baggage and artillery | baggage |
لباس بارانی | A mackintosh or other raingear, including an umbrella | mackintosh, raincoat | A raincoat or other raingear, including an umbrella | raincoat |
دیوانه | Fitzgerald looked mad enough to take a swing | mad | He's crazy... he did not want to listen | crazy |
بزرگراه | The main road runs parallel with the railway | main road | The car skidded as she turned onto the highway | highway |
ذرت | The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans | maize | The field has been seeded with corn | corn |
ریاضی | I had to have extra tuition in maths | maths | The math works the same over time.
| math |
خسیس | The landlords are so mean - they refused to pay for new carpets | mean | He's really stingy and never buys anyone a drink when we go out | stingy |
آزادراه | A car and a van collided on the motorway | motorway | Our car had a breakdown on the freeway | freeway |
پوشک | Excuse me while I change the baby's nappy | nappy | Most babies get diaper rash at some stage | diaper |
شرور، بدجنس | He told nasty words to his mother | nasty | He was a cruel and vicious man | vicious, mean |
نا کجا | There was nowhere to hide and nowhere to run | nowhere | She believed that religious teaching had no place in the school curriculum | noplace |
بیمارستان خصوصی | He died in a nursing home at the age of 87 | nursing home | Her family put her into a private hospital | private hospital |
اپتومتریست | His reputation grew rapidly, and in 1761 he was appointed optician to the king | optician | Always wear your lenses as prescribed by your optometrist | optometrist |
مغازه مشروب فروشی | Youngsters congregate outside the off-licence in the car park, and there is evidence of drinking all around | off-license | Scenes include the celebrities on top of a liquor store | liquor store |
پارافین | The fire blazed up when I added paraffin | paraffin | My prison had only a kerosene lamp for light | kerosene |
پیاده رو | He stopped the car just off the pavement | pavement | She walked out onto the sidewalk, shivering in the cold | sidewalk |
گازوئیل | The price of the petrol was significantly higher this summer because everyone was driving long distances and the stations wanted to make more money | petrol | I've got some gasoline I use in the lawn mower | gasoline |
صندوق پستی | He stood by the postbox | postbox | On the way to work, I dropped my letters in the corner mailbox | mailbox |
چیپس سیب زمینی | These potato crisps are soft | potato crisps | Potato chips are served for the children | potato chips |
کالسکه کودک | They brought along Laura Jane in a pram | pram | I was dialing my wife to tell her when Martha and Quinn came in the office, pushing a baby carriage with Claire smiling beneath her blankets | baby carriage |
بار | He was in the pub until closing time | pub | The hotel has a licensed bar | bar |
دستشویی | You now have to pay to use the public toilets at the station | public toilet | It took place in a restroom | restroom |
کالسکه | The baby was snoozing peacefully in her push-chair, so we stopped to have a drink | push-chair | Do you need some help with the stroller? | stroller |
خط | We were forced to stand in a queue | queue | The list was a scrolling line of names | line |
راه آهن | The city has a station on the North Western railway 32 m | railway | Kyaukse town is situated on the Zawgyi River and on the Rangoon-Mandalay railroad | railroad |
قرقره نخ | When we put the cotton reel down the elastic band untwists | reel of cotton | Using his spool of thread he printed some circles on his paper | spool of thread |
بالا بردن | Smoke was rising into the air | rise (in salary) | We raise chickens on our farm | raise |
پیاده رو | She kept on going, but the road surface grew worse and worse and in the end she had to stop | road surface | He stopped the car just off the pavement | pavement |
فلکه | He took a roundabout route to town | roundabout | The city center is a large traffic circle punctuated by traffic lights | traffic circle |
زباله | I think what he says is absolute rubbish | rubbish | The park was littered with garbage | garbage, trash |
سدان | A saloon model with improved aerodynamics was also added to the Volvo 300 Series | saloon (car) | The chauffeur turned the sedan about | sedan |
نوار چسب | I stuck the note to the door with Sellotape | sellotape | A slip of paper was attached with Scotch tape | Scotch tape |
فروشگاه | They have a flower shop in town | shop | She caught sight of herself in a store window | store |
صدا خفه کن | A silencer quietens the noise of the engine | silencer | Kelly screwed the muffler onto the pistol | muffler |
آچار | He took a spanner from his tool box and tightened up the bolts on the gate | spanner | They threatened him with a wrench and screwdriver, then forced him into the back of his Sierra | wrench |
دانشکده | The entire staff has done a great job this year | staff (of a university) | She's a member of the Harvard faculty | faculty |
تابه روغن | In some small houses, even a large sump has proved inadequate | sump | The oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel | oil pan |
دسر | She likes her coffee sweet | sweet | She doesn't care for rich desserts | dessert |
آب نبات | Sweets usually made her thirstier - but it was wet | sweets | His pockets bulged with apples and candy | candy |
شير آب | She turned on the tap and let it run until it was hot enough then filled the bowl | tap | She turned on the faucet, plunging her hands under the icy stream of water and gasped | faucet |
میخ | Hook the hose up to the tap behind the house | tap (outdoors) | the spigot on a beer keg | spigot |
تاکسی | We went to the restaurant by taxi | taxi | The cab pulled up and the driver jumped out | cab |
حوله ظرفشویی | She was drying a plate on a tea towel | tea-towel | He flung the damp tea towel on to the table | dish-towel |
نیمسال | The governor will run for a second term | term | He'll go back to school in September, but miss the spring semester, and not graduate | semester |
برنامه | Look up the trains to Beijing in the timetable | timetable | Sorting the mail is part of her daily schedule | schedule |
قوطی فلزی | Milk bottle tops are made of tin foil | tin | Store the cookies in an airtight can | can |
چراغ قوه | He ripped open the door, blinded by the torch light in the halls | torch | She found her flashlight and ran to the front door | flashlight |
دوره گرد | The tramp was arraigned on a charge of stealing | tramp | The hobo begged for food downtown during the day and slept under the bridge at night | hobo |
شلوار | He jammed his hands into his trousers pockets | trousers | Then I slipped trying to rub mud on my pants to cover it up. | pants |
سرآستین | This job turned up just when I needed it | turn-ups | The clerk, with cuffs turned up, was hastily writing at a tub turned bottom upwards | cuffs |
مترو | You're forgetting the underground railroad | underground railway | I took the subway to midtown | subway |
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